(2002) demonstrated, advertising holds the Use only the first author’s name and et al. (2003) determined that theĪpes took signifi cant steps toward self-expression. In subsequent references, use just the first author’s name plus et al.īased on the results, Safer et al. Safer, Voccola, Hurd, and Goodwin (2003) reached somewhatĭifferent conclusions by designing a study that was lessĭependent on subjective judgment than were previous studies. List all the authors’ names for the first reference. Their salaries and pay raises as vigorously as their maleĬounterparts do (Babcock & Laschever, 2003). Use and in a signal phrase, but use anīabcock and Laschever (2003) have suggested that many womenĭo not negotiate their salaries and pay raises as vigorously asĪ recent study has suggested that many women do not negotiate Gitlin (2001) has argued that critics sometimes overestimate the Page or paragraph number unless the reader will need it to find the material Include the author’s last name and the year as in model 1, but omit the The year, and the page number in parentheses after the quotation:Ģ. If the author is not named in a signal phrase, place the author’s name, Substantial reasons why their causes are unpersuasive” (p. The media are rigged against them, are often blind to other Gitlin (2001) pointed out that “political critics, convinced that The page number, preceded by p., appears in parentheses Generally, use the author’s name in a signal phrase to introduce theĬited material, and place the date, in parentheses, immediately after theĪuthor’s name. Two or more sources in one parenthetical referenceġ4. Two or more works by an author in a single yearġ0. Two or more authors with the same last nameĩ. Basic format for a paraphrase or summaryĨ. Where in the source the quotation can be found.Ģ. Material was published for quoted material, the in-text citation also indicates References page the writer is referring to, and it explains in what year the Use the present tense only to discuss results ( the experimentĭemonstrates) or widely accepted information ( researchersĪn in-text citation in APAstyle always indicates which source on the Present perfect tense for signal verbs: Baker (2003) showed or Baker Note that APA style generally calls for using the past tense or These citations correspond to full bibliographicĮntries in a list of references at the end of the text. APA style for in-text citations APA style for in-text citationsĪPA style requires parenthetical references in the text toĭocument quotations, paraphrases, summaries, and other
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